Introduction to causes and physical characteristics of disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, storm surge, thunderstorms, tornadoes, landslides, wind waves, meteor impacts, mass extinctions.

Introduction to crystallography, physical and chemical properties of minerals. Recognition and identification of common minerals.

Earth's origin, composition, structure, and natural resources. Global and local examples of plate tectonics as the driving force for volcanism, mountain building, and earthquakes.

Seminars and field trips introducing the major global, regional, and local environmental issues facing human societies.

Energy transfer at infrared, visible, and microwave wavelengths. Analysis of satellite measurements of the atmosphere and surface.

Characteristics and physical processes of thunderstorms, tornadoes, lightning, hail, hurricanes, blizzards, cyclones and other storms.

Atmospheric-science principles elucidated by case studies applied to snow sports, sailing, surfing, soaring, and flying.